Engine oil is essential for maintaining your car’s engine performance. The right oil helps minimize wear, protects parts from corrosion, and extends the engine’s lifespan. However, for new car owners, choosing the right oil can seem complicated due to the many technical specifications and labels. Here’s a breakdown of what to consider when selecting engine oil.
Engine Oil Classification
Before choosing oil, it’s important to understand the basic classifications that define its properties. The most popular standards are SAE, API, and ACEA.
SAE Standard
The SAE standard specifies the oil’s viscosity. The numbers on the label (e.g., 5W-30 or 10W-40) indicate how the oil performs at different temperatures:
- The first number, followed by the letter “W” (winter), indicates low-temperature viscosity.
- The second number shows how the oil performs at high temperatures.
For example, 5W-30 oil is better suited for regions with cold winters because it remains fluid at low temperatures.
API Standard
The API (American Petroleum Institute) standard divides oils into two categories:
- S for gasoline engines.
- C for diesel engines.
For instance, oil labeled API SN is suitable for modern gasoline engines.
ACEA Standard
The ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association) standard regulates European oil quality. Oils are categorized for gasoline and diesel engines in passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles.
Beginner drivers should ensure the oil meets their car manufacturer’s specifications. This information can be found in the owner’s manual or on the manufacturer’s website.
Mineral, Semi-Synthetic, or Synthetic Oil?
There are three main types of motor oils designed for different operating conditions:
Mineral Oil
Derived from refined crude oil, it’s cheaper but less resistant to high temperatures and requires more frequent replacement. Mineral oil is often used in older vehicles or engines with simpler designs.
Semi-Synthetic Oil
A blend of mineral and synthetic oil, offering greater temperature resistance and suitable for mid-range vehicles. It’s a good option for drivers looking for a balance between price and performance.
Synthetic Oil
Made using advanced technology, synthetic oil delivers the best performance. It’s highly resistant to extreme conditions, reduces friction, and provides superior engine protection. However, it’s more expensive than other types.
For modern vehicles, synthetic or semi-synthetic oil is usually recommended.
Operating Conditions and Engine Age
The conditions in which your car operates and the engine’s condition are key factors when choosing oil.
Climate Conditions
- In regions with cold winters, use low-viscosity oil like 5W-30 or 0W-20.
- In hot climates, high-viscosity oils such as 10W-40 are more suitable.
Driving Style
- For city driving, where the car frequently idles and undergoes frequent accelerations, use synthetic oil with high oxidation resistance.
- For long highway drives, oils with higher viscosity can be a better choice.
Engine Age
- For new engines, low-viscosity oil is preferable as it can easily penetrate smaller gaps.
- For older engines with more wear, high-viscosity oil like 15W-40 is recommended as it better fills enlarged gaps and protects the engine from wear.
Practical Tips for Beginners
- Follow Manufacturer Recommendations
The safest way to choose the right oil is to follow the car manufacturer’s recommendations, which are listed in the service manual or on the official website. - Complete Oil Change When Switching Types
If you switch from one type of oil to another (e.g., mineral to synthetic), ensure a full oil change with engine flushing. - Regularly Check Oil Levels
Even the best oil deteriorates over time. Regularly check the oil level and condition using the dipstick to prevent engine issues. - Avoid Counterfeit Products
There are many counterfeit products on the market. Buy oil only from trusted suppliers and inspect the packaging. Uneven seams, blurry labels, or missing holograms could indicate a fake product.
The right engine oil not only extends your engine’s lifespan but also ensures stable and safe operation of your vehicle. Take the time to choose the best option and follow the recommendations to get the most out of your car.